![]() ![]() Descendants of survivors may experience extreme stress, leading to a variety of other consequences. For example, survivors of individual child abuse and both direct survivors of the collective trauma and members of subsequent generations individually may develop complex post-traumatic stress disorder.Įxamples of this include collective trauma experienced by descendants of the Atlantic slave trade segregation and Jim Crow laws in the United States apartheid in South Africa the Scramble for Africa, Jewish Holocaust survivors and other members of the Jewish community at the time by the First Peoples of Canada during the Canadian Indian residential school system and in Australia, the Stolen Generations and other hardships inflicted on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It can also be applied to single families or individual parent–child dyads. Transgenerational trauma can be a collective experience that affects groups of people who share a cultural identity (e.g., ethnicity, nationality, or religious identity). For example, if Jewish people experience extreme stress or practice survivalism out of fear of another Holocaust, despite being born after the Holocaust, then they are experiencing transgenerational trauma. When this collective trauma affects subsequent generations, it is called transgenerational trauma. ![]() For example, collective trauma was experienced by Jewish Holocaust survivors and other members of the Jewish community at the time, by the Indigenous Peoples of Canada during the Canadian Indian residential school system and by black Americans who were enslaved. Ĭollective trauma is when psychological trauma experienced by communities and identity groups is carried on as part of the group's collective memory and shared sense of identity. The term intergenerational transmission refers to instances whereby the traumatic effects are passed down from the directly traumatized generation to their offspring, and transgenerational transmission is when the offspring then pass the effects down to descendants who have not been exposed to the initial traumatic event - at least the grandchildren of the original sufferer for males, and their great-grandchildren for females. The primary modes of transmission are the uterine environment during pregnancy causing epigenetic changes in the developing embryo, and the shared family environment of the infant causing psychological, behavioral and social changes in the individual. Transgenerational trauma is the psychological and physiological effects that the trauma experienced by people has on subsequent generations in that group. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) WikiProject Genetics may be able to help recruit an expert. The specific problem is: The article contains multiple pseudoscientific claims, such as that dance therapy can change someone's DNA. Tankink M., Intervention: International Journal of Mental Health, Psychosocial Work & Counselling in Areas of Armed Conflict, № 2, с.This article needs attention from an expert in genetics. Shawcross, W., Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon, and the Destruction of Cambodia Saldana J., Coding manual for qualitative researchers Op den Velde W., Posttraumatic stress in children and adolescents (1981).Testimony presented to the commission of Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians at a Regional Hearing in Washington, D.C. Miller D., Survivors: An oral history of the Armenian genocide Journeys to self and identities: Cambodian and southern Sudanese refugee experiences.Dissertation Abstracts International, 71. H., International Handbook of Intergenerational Legacies of Trauma Henwood, K., & Pidgeon, N., Qualitative Research in Psychology W., Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches P., The tragedy of Cambodian historyĬreswell J. ![]()
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